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Ingredient glossary
BHA (Beta Hydroxy Acid): What It Is and What It Does
BHA stands for beta hydroxy acid, and in skincare almost always refers to salicylic acid, an oil-soluble exfoliating acid. Unlike water-soluble AHAs, its oil solubility lets it penetrate into oil-filled pores rather than working only on the surface, which is why it is a common choice for congested, blackhead-prone or acne-prone skin.
What it does
BHA products loosen the bonds between dead skin cells at the surface in the same general way AHAs do, but because salicylic acid is oil-soluble, it can also travel into the oily lining of a pore and help clear it from within. This dual action is what separates BHA from AHAs, which stay mostly on the surface. It is typically found in cleansers, toners and leave-on treatments, used a few times a week rather than daily for most people, at low cosmetic-use concentrations.
Who it suits
BHA tends to suit oily, combination and acne-prone skin, where blocked pores and excess oil are the main concern. Because it is a chemical exfoliant, it is generally introduced cautiously on dry or sensitive skin, where it can be more drying than gentler options. It is not usually the first choice for skin that is already very dry or reactive.
Cautions
BHA can cause dryness, peeling or irritation if overused, layered with other exfoliating actives, or introduced too quickly. It increases sun sensitivity to some degree, so daytime sunscreen is advisable. Anyone with a known aspirin or salicylate sensitivity should generally avoid it, and anyone pregnant should check with a doctor or pharmacist before using leave-on BHA products, as advice in this area is more cautious than for rinse-off formats.
Products with BHA (Beta Hydroxy Acid)
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Frequently asked questions
- Is BHA the same as salicylic acid?
- In skincare, yes — BHA is the category name, and salicylic acid is by far the most common cosmetic example of it, so the two terms are usually used interchangeably on product labels. A small number of other beta hydroxy acids exist, but they are rarely used in mainstream skincare formulas.
- Is BHA better than AHA for acne?
- For blackheads and congested pores specifically, BHA's oil solubility lets it work inside the pore, which AHAs generally cannot do, making it the more commonly recommended choice for oily and acne-prone skin. AHAs remain useful for general texture and dullness, and some routines use both on alternating days.
- How often should I use BHA?
- Most people start with two or three times a week for leave-on BHA products, building up gradually depending on how skin responds, since overuse commonly causes dryness or irritation. A rinse-off cleanser containing BHA can generally be used more often, since contact time with the skin is much shorter.
This is general information about a cosmetic ingredient, not medical advice. It does not describe any specific product, and does not diagnose, treat or cure any condition. If you have a persistent skin or scalp concern, speak to a pharmacist, GP or dermatologist. See our editorial policy for how we handle claims.