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Ingredient glossary
Retinol: What It Is and What It Does
Retinol is a derivative of vitamin A used in skincare to support smoother-looking texture and to help address the appearance of fine lines over consistent long-term use. It is one of the most researched cosmetic ingredients but also one of the most likely to cause initial irritation, and it increases skin's sensitivity to the sun.
What it does
Retinol works by encouraging skin cell turnover, which is why it is associated with smoother-looking texture and a reduction in the visible appearance of fine lines with sustained use over weeks and months. It is converted by the skin into its active form in stages, which is part of why it tends to be gentler, if slower-acting, than stronger prescription retinoids. Results build gradually rather than immediately, and consistent use matters more than concentration.
Who it suits
Retinol is generally used by people wanting to address the visible signs of ageing or uneven texture, and is typically introduced slowly — for example, a couple of evenings a week — regardless of skin type. It is usually not recommended during pregnancy or while breastfeeding, and sensitive or very dry skin often needs a lower strength and a slower introduction to avoid excessive dryness or flaking.
Cautions
Retinol commonly causes initial dryness, flaking, redness or sensitivity as skin adjusts, often called the 'retinisation' period. It increases sensitivity to sunlight, so daytime sunscreen is essential alongside it. It is generally advised against during pregnancy and breastfeeding — anyone in that situation should speak to a doctor or midwife before using it. It should not usually be combined with other strong actives, such as acid exfoliants, on the same evening. Anyone with a persistent skin condition should consult a dermatologist.
Products with Retinol
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Frequently asked questions
- Should I use retinol in the morning or evening?
- In the evening. Retinol degrades in sunlight and increases the skin's sensitivity to UV, so it is applied at night and always followed by sunscreen the next morning, without exception.
- Why is my skin flaking after starting retinol?
- Some initial dryness, redness or flaking is common as skin adjusts, particularly in the first few weeks. Using it less frequently, applying a moisturiser afterwards, and building up gradually usually settles this. Persistent or severe irritation is a reason to pause and seek advice.
- Can I use retinol while pregnant?
- It is generally advised against during pregnancy and breastfeeding as a precaution. Anyone who is pregnant, trying to conceive, or breastfeeding should speak to a doctor or midwife about which skincare actives are appropriate rather than relying on product packaging.
This is general information about a cosmetic ingredient, not medical advice. It does not describe any specific product, and does not diagnose, treat or cure any condition. If you have a persistent skin or scalp concern, speak to a pharmacist, GP or dermatologist. See our editorial policy for how we handle claims.